Peoria

Established in 1691 by the French explorer Henri de Tonti, Peoria is the oldest permanent European settlement in Illinois, according to the Illinois State Archaeological Survey. The city received its current name when the County of Peoria was organized in 1825 and was named after the Peoria people, a member of the Illinois Confederation. On October 16, 1854, Abraham Lincoln made his Peoria speech against the Kansas–Nebraska Act. Before the onset of Prohibition in 1920, Peoria was a major center of the American whiskey industry, with more than a dozen distilleries operating in the city by the late 19th century—a greater concentration than in any other U.S. city at that time.

A major port on the Illinois River, Peoria is a trading and shipping center for a large agricultural area that produces corn, soybeans, and livestock.