Chernihiv

Originally a tribal centre of Siverians, in the 9th century Chernihiv was incorporated into the Rus' state, becoming its second most important city after Kyiv. Between the 11th and 13th century it served as the centre of an eponymous principality and a bishopric. Chernihiv's role as an important cultural and religious centre of Rus' is signified by numerous churches preserved from that era. Following the Tatar invasion the city lost its leading role in Siveria and was eventually incorporated by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, but suffered from Tatar and Muscovite attacks. During most of the 16th century Chernihiv was part of the Tsardom of Moscow, but in 1618 was transferred to Poland and served as a centre of a voivodeship. In 1623 the city was awarded with Magdeburg Law.

Chernihiv experienced a new rise in its importance following its incorporation into the Cossack Hetmanate. During the late 17th and early 18th century the city served as a major cultural centre of Ukraine, and many of its structures were rebuilt in Ukrainian Baroque style. In 1700 a collegium was established in the city.