Balkh

Historically a hub of Zoroastrianism and Buddhism, the ancient city was also known to the ancient Persians as Zariaspa and to the ancient Greeks as Bactra, giving its name to the wider region of Bactria. Balkh was renowned as the capital of Bactria and later Tokharistan. Prior to the Mongol conquest, Balkh was one of the richest cities in Khorasan. It suffered severely due to the Mongol invasion in the 13th century and never recovered its former status, with nearby Mazar-i-Sharif slowly becoming the more important town in the locality. By the 14th century Balkh had become a part of Timurid Empire, and after the conquest by Shaybani Khan in 1506, continued to be ruled by the Uzbek dynasties for centuries, notably the Khanate of Bukhara and the Khanate of Kunduz, except for the brief Mughal and Afsharid interruptions, until it was captured by Dost Muhammad Khan in 1850 from the Uzbeks and incorporated into the Emirate of Afghanistan.